Protonic Acid Doping Form in Poly(N-methylpyrrole)

Defining space around conducting polymers: reversible protonic doping of a canopied polypyrrole.

A canopy-shaped pyrrole derivative 2 was prepared, in which a sterically demanding pendant group is juxtaposed to the pyrrole fragment to minimize interstrand pi-pi stacking interactions in the resulting polymer. Anodic polymerization of 2 afforded highly conductive poly(2), the electronic structure of which was probed by various spectroelectrochemical techniques. A limited charge delocalizatio...

Polyn ô mes

1.1 Définitions élémentaires Définition 1. Soit P ∈ k[X ] et a ∈ k. On dit que a est une racine de P si P (a) = 0, ou de manière équivalente si X − a divise P . On appelle multiplicité de a le plus grand entier μ tel que (X − a) divise P . Proposition 1. Si P ∈ k[X ] admet a1, . . . , al pour racines, de multiplicités respectives μ1, . . . , μl, alors il existe Q ∈ k[X ] tel que P = Q∏(X − ai)i...

Protonic diffusion in high-pressure ice VII.

Near ambient pressures, molecular diffusion dominates protonic diffusion in ice. Theoretical studies have predicted that protonic diffusion will dominate at high pressures in ice. We measured the protonic diffusion coefficient for the highest temperature molecular phase of ice VII at 400 kelvin over its entire stable pressure region. The values ranged from 10(-17) to 10(-15) square meters per s...

New Trends of Doping in Sport

Doping in competition or doping in sport?

INTRODUCTION Since ancient times, competitive athletes have been familiar with the use of ergogenic aids and they will probably continue to use unfair and harmful substances in future, because their inclination to victory, along with the mirage of glory and money, will probably overcome health and legal risks. SOURCES OF DATA We searched PubMed using the term doping over the period 1990 to th...